unit in a UTF-8 encoded character has bit 7 set to 1, the code unit is part of a multi-byte encoding. UTF-8 thus has no single-byte encoded characters in the range 80h—FFh. Instead, characters with code points in this range use encodings with multiple code units. For example, the © character has a code point of A9h and a 2-byte UTF-8 encoding of C2h A9h. The chart that defines code points U+0080—U+00FF is C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement. Many of these code points are assigned to accented characters for European languages and additional control codes. 20 Formats and Protocols Table 2-1: Unicode encoded characters can use any of three encoding methods. Encoding Method Bits per Code Unit Code Units per Character UTF-8 8 1, 2, 3, or 4 UTF-16 16 1 or 2 UTF-32 32 1 ANSI encoding is a legacy encoding method usually defined as the text and control codes encoded according to a draft of an ANSI standard that Microsoft implemented as code page 1252. A code page is a table that defines character encodings for a specific language. UTF-8 is not backwards compatible with ANSI encoding, which uses single-byte values in the range 80h—FFh. For example, the ANSI encoding for © is A9h, but UTF-8 uses a 2-byte encoding for this character. UTF-16 encoding uses 16-bit code units, and UTF-16 encoded characters are 1 or 2 code units each. UTF-16 encoding represents more than 60,000 characters as single code units whose values equal the characters’ code points. For example, “A” is 0041h, and © is 00A9h. Characters with code points greater than FFFFh are encoded as a pair of code units called a surrogate pair. UTF-32 encoding uses 32-bit code units. A UTF-32 encoded character is always a single code unit. A UTF-32 code unit always has the same value as the character’s code point. For example, “A” is 00000041h, and © is 000000A9h. The UTF-16 and UTF-32 methods have alternate forms to enable storing code units as big endian storing the most significant byte first in memory or little endi prom-electric.ru